Trade law and supply chain news, insights, and commentary
The EU has published a legislative proposal to implement its commitments to reduce tariffs on U.S. industrial goods and certain seafood and agricultural goods. Tariffs on lobster imports are addressed in a separate proposal.
U.S. industrial goods and certain seafood and agricultural goods
The listed U.S. industrial goods should not be subject to any…
On July 24, 2025, the European Commission announced the imposition of new EU countermeasures in response to U.S. tariffs further to an agreement reached among EU Member States. These measures take the form of additional customs duties on U.S. products as well as export restrictions for certain EU products. In total, these measures concern about…
On May 17, 2021, European Commission Executive Vice President Valdis Dombrovskis announced that the European Union will temporarily suspend the increase of its rebalancing measures related to the Unites States’ Section 232 steel and aluminum tariffs. The tariffs, previously scheduled to go into effect on June 1, 2021, would increase duties on U.S. products…
On March 9, 2021, the European Union released the Implementing Regulation suspending retaliatory tariffs resulting from the large civilian aircraft dispute. This Regulation implements the EU-US agreement to suspend retaliatory tariffs imposed by Regulation 2020/1646. The announcement comes after the U.S. and UK released a joint statement last week outlining a four-month suspension of…
On January 27, 2021, Stavros Lambrinidis, the European Union’s ambassador to the United States, urged the Biden administration to lift Section 232 tariffs on steel and aluminum and work to find a resolution to the U.S.-EU aircraft subsidy dispute. The statement is the most recent in a chorus of comments calling for increased transatlantic cooperation.…
On November 9, 2020, the European Union announced the imposition of retaliatory tariffs on U.S. goods worth approximately $4 billion stemming from the WTO case alleging the U.S. government has provided illegal subsidies to aircraft maker Boeing. High profile products targeted by the tariffs include fish, cheese, cotton, tractors, spirits, and jets. Of the products…
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The European Union (EU) has published its preliminary list of U.S. goods that will be targeted for retaliatory tariffs over subsidies to Boeing. The preliminary list is focused on farm products. Some of the products include: Fish, cheese, agricultural goods such as fruits and vegetables,…
On April 8, 2019, the Trump administration released a list (see Annex) of $11 billion of European goods threatened with tariffs because of the WTO decision finding that “harmful subsidies” support the aircraft manufacturer Airbus. This case had been in litigation at the WTO for 14 years. It began in 2004 when the United States…
Last Updated on February 9, 2022: The U.S. and Japan Reach Tariff-Rate Quota (TRQ) Agreement to Replace Section 232 Tariffs
U.S. Trade Actions
| Action | Covered Products | Rate Increase | Effective Date | |
| Section 232 | Steel and Aluminum | Steel – 25% Aluminum – 10% |
6/1/2018
Derivative Articles – 2/8/2020 |
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| Status: | Steel – all countries of origin except Canada (exempted), Mexico (exempted), South Korea, Brazil, and Argentina (agreed to quotas); and Australia (exempted).
Derivative Steel Articles – imports from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and South Korea are exempted. The United States will replace the existing 25 percent tariff on EU steel products under Section 232 with a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for an annual import volume of 3.3 MMT with a date of effectiveness of January 1, 2022. Aluminum – all countries of origin except Canada (exempted), Mexico (exempted), Argentina (agreed to quotas); and Australia (exempted). Derivative Aluminum Articles – imports from Argentina, Australia, Canada, and Mexico are exempted. On October 24, South Africa was granted exemptions on 161 aluminum and 36 steel products by the Commerce Department. Canada and Mexico exempted on 5/20/2019. A quota agreement was reached with the UAE by the Trump administration, effective February 3, 2021. However, this agreement was revoked by the Biden administration. The United States will replace the existing 10 percent tariff on EU aluminum products under Section 232 with a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for an annual import volume of 18 thousand metric tons (TMT) for unwrought aluminum and 366 TMT for semi-finished (wrought) aluminum with a date of effectiveness of January 1, 2022. The United States will replace the existing 25 percent tariff on Japanese steel products under Section 232 with a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for an annual import volume of 1.25 million metric tons (MMT) with a date of effectiveness of April 1, 2022. |
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| Section 301 | Large Civil Aircraft | See below | 2/11/2021 | |
| On January 12, 2021, the Trump Administration released a new set of tariffs against the EU.
On February 11, 2021, the Biden Administration decided not to increase tariffs against the European Union. |
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| Section 301 – China | For the final list of products in List 1, please click here.
For the final list of products in List 2, please click here. For the final list of products in List 3, please click here. For a list of products in List 4A, please click here. See Annex A. For a list of products in List 4B, please click here. See Annex C. |
25%
30% 25% 30%
25% 30%
15% |
7/6/2018
Indefinitely Delayed 8/23/2018 Indefinitely Delayed
5/10/2019 Indefinitely Delayed 2/14/2020 Indefinitely Delayed |
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| Status: | List 1 totaling $34 billion worth of imports is composed of 818 tariff lines, and went into effect on 7/6/2018.
List 2 totaling $16 billion worth of imports was originally composed of 284 proposed tariff lines identified by the interagency Section 301 Committee. 279 of the 284 lines went into effect on 8/23/2018. For full details on List 2, please click here. List 3 totaling approximately $200 billion of imports was originally composed of 6,031 tariff lines. 5,745 full and partial lines went into effect on 9/24/2018. For full details on List 3, please click here. On May 10, 2019, List 3 tariffs increased to 25 percent (see here for on-water exception). |
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Retaliatory Actions
| Canada | For covered products, please click here. | Table 1 – 25% Table 2 – 10% Table 3 – 10% |
(as of 5/20/2019) |
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| Status: | The Canadian government received over 1,000 submissions of public feedback during public consultations on its original list.
Canada is imposing countermeasures against C$16.6 billion in imports of steel, aluminum, and other products from the U.S., representing the value of 2017 Canadian exports affected by the U.S. tariffs. |
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| EU | For covered products, please click here. | Annex I – 10% or 25% Annex II – 10% – 50% |
Annex I – 6/22/2018 Annex II – 6/1/2021 (Annex II Temporarily Suspended) |
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| Status: | The EU suspended the additional duties imposed on U.S. goods that they had initiated in response to the U.S. Section 232 measures in light of the tariff-rate quota (TRQ) compromise. | ||||
| EU | Large Civil Aircraft | Annex I – 15% Annex II – 25% |
11/10/2020
To be suspended for five years. |
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| Status: | For the latest status, please click here. | ||||
| Mexico | For the translated list of covered products, please click here. | 7% – 25% (pages 1-4)
10% – 15% (page 5) |
(as of 5/20/2019) |
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| Status: | Most retaliatory measures effective as of 6/5/2018. An “exception” list is effective on 7/5/2018. | ||||
| China (Response to Section 232 Tariffs) | For covered products, please click here. | Annex I – 15% – 25% | 4/3/2018 | ||
| Status: | See above. | ||||
| China (Response to Section 301 Tariffs) | For covered products in List 1, please click here.
(Unofficial Version) |
25% (No Change on June 1st – 28 lines of auto and auto part products on this list will be excluded) | 7/6/2018 | ||
| For covered products in List 2, please click here.(Unofficial Version) | 25% (No Change on June 1st – 116 lines of auto and auto part products on this list will be excluded) | 8/23/2018 | |||
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For covered products in List 3, please click here. (Unofficial Version) Additional Tariffs Announced on August 23, 2019 |
Annex 1 – increased from 10% to 25% on June 1st, 2019
Annex 2 – increased from 10% to 20% on June 1st, 2019 Annex 3 – increased from 5% to 10% on June 1st, 2019 Annex 4 – remains 5% (No Change on June 1st – 67 lines of auto and auto part products on this list will be excluded) China cuts certain tariffs |
6/1/2019 for Annexes 1, 2, and 3
9/24/2018 (Annex 4) September 1, 2019 December 15, 2019 (Indefinitely Delayed) February 14, 2019 |
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| Status: | List 1 is composed of 545 tariff lines, and goes into effect on 7/6/2018.
List 2 contains 333 tariff lines on U.S. goods worth $16 billion. Start date is 8/23/2018. List 3 contains 5,207 tariff lines on U.S. worth $60 billion. Start date is 9/24/2018. The September 1 and December 15, 2019 increases represent an additional $75 billion of tariffs on U.S. goods. |
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| India | For covered products, please click here. | Up to $10.6 billion; Annex I – 5% – 100% |
1/31/2019 | ||
| Status: | The U.S. declined India’s request for WTO consultations. | ||||
| Japan | For covered products, please click here. | Up to $1.91 billion | TBD – no earlier than March 23, 2021, or the 5th day following the date of a decision from the WTO DSB, whichever comes first. | ||
| Status: | The United States will replace the existing 25 percent tariff on Japanese steel products under Section 232 with a tariff-rate quota (TRQ) for an annual import volume of 1.25 million metric tons (MMT) under 54 product categories with a date of effectiveness of April 1, 2022. | ||||
| Russia | For covered products, please click here. | Additional Tariffs of 25, 30, 35, or 40% | 8/6/2018 | ||
| Status: | On August 6, 2018, Russia began imposing additional tariffs on selected U.S. products. | ||||
| Turkey | For covered products, please click here. | Up to $1.78 billion; Annex I – 5% – 40%Increased certain duties by 4 to 140% |
6/21/2018 8/15/2018 |
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| Status: | |||||
Beginning on Friday, June 22, 2018, US exports to the European Union will face an extra duty at their border. These products include U.S. steel and aluminum products, agricultural goods, and a combination of various other products. The full list is available here. The various products include the following fashion and apparel articles, which…
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